Ihaha Technologies

 Drug tests, disease tests and female tests produced by MED-EXPRESS-DIAGNOSTICA are based on this analysis method.

Immunochromatographic analysis (ICA) is a method based on the separation of particles by the paired ligament method and the reaction between the antigen and the corresponding antibody in biological materials (urine, saliva, whole blood, serum or blood plasma, etc.). This type of analysis is carried out using special express tests, test strips or test cassettes.

An antigen is a substance that is determined by the human body as foreign and which can trigger an immune (defense) response.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the cells of the human body in response to the introduction of an antigen into it.

One of the most important properties of antibodies is their ability to selectively bind antigen. This means that each antibody only binds to a specific antige Ihaha Technologies n. All immunological methods of analysis, including ICA, are based on this unique feature of antibodies.

The principle of action of the immunochromatographic test

When the dough is immersed in physiological fluid, it begins to migrate along the strip according to the principle of thin layer chromatography. Together with the liquid, the liquid phase of the test strip containing antibodies with a dye moves. If the investigated antigen (hormone, oncological or infectious marker) is present in this liquid, then it binds to both the first type of antibodies and the second. In this case, the accumulation of antibodies with a dye around the antibodies occurs. Visually, the accumulation of antibodies with the dye manifests itself in the form of staining the test strip. Free antibodies with a dye migrate further along the strip and inevitably interact with secondary antibodies in the control zone, where the second colored (control) band is observed.

There are three types of antibodies used in rapid tests:

Movable monoclonal antibodies to the antigen or antibody under study, conjugated ("linked") with colloidal gold, a dye that can be easily identified even at the smallest concentrations. These antibodies are applied near the site where the test strip is immersed in physiological fluid.

Polyclonal antibodies to the tested antigen or antibody, rigidly immobilized in the test zone of the strip.

Secondary antibodies to monoclonal antibodies tightly immobilized in the control zone of the test strip.

The interaction (and the colored band) in the control zone should always be manifested if the analysis is performed correctly, regardless of the presence of the test antigen in the test substrate.

The article is based on the materials of Wikipedia.

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